The , more commonly called the ''Nikkei'', the ''Nikkei index'', or the ''Nikkei Stock Average'' (, , or ), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). It has been calculated daily by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) newspaper since 1950. It is a price-weighted average (the unit is yen), and the components are reviewed once a year. Currently, the Nikkei is the most widely quoted average of Japanese equities, similar to the Dow Jones Industrial Average. In fact, it was known as the "Nikkei Dow Jones Stock Average" from 1975 to 1985.

The Nikkei 225 began to be calculated on September 7, 1950, retroactively calculated back to May 16, 1949. Since January 2010 the index is updated every 15 seconds during trading sessions.

The Nikkei 225 Futures, introduced at Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 1986, the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) in 1988, Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) in 1990, is now an internationally recognized futures index.

The Nikkei average has deviated sharply from the textbook model of stock averages which grow at a steady exponential rate. The average hit its all-time high on December 29, 1989, during the peak of the Japanese asset price bubble, when it reached an intra-day high of 38,957.44 before closing at 38,915.87, having grown sixfold during the decade. Subsequently, it lost nearly all these gains, closing at 7,054.98 on March 10, 2009—81.9% below its peak twenty years earlier.

Another major index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange is the Topix.

On March 15, 2011, the second working day after the massive earthquake in the northeast part of Japan, the index dropped over 10% to finish at 8605.15, a loss of 1,015 points. This put it at its lowest close since March 10, 2009.

Weighting and modifications

Stocks are weighted on the Nikkei 225 by giving an equal weighting based on a par value of 50 yen per share. Events such as stock splits, removals and additions of constituents impact upon the effective weighting of individual stocks and the divisor. The Nikkei 225 is designed to reflect the overall market, so there is no specific weighting of industries.

Changes to the components

Stocks are reviewed annually and announcements of review results are made in September. Changes, if required, are made at the beginning of October. Changes may also take place at any time if a stock is found to be ineligible (e.g., delisting). All proposed changes will be announced in Nikkei's Japanese newspapers and will appear on NNI.

After a stock has been replaced, the divisor is reviewed and modified to ensure a smooth transition of the stock index.

Components

As of April 2011, the Nikkei 225 consists of the following companies: (Japanese securities identification code in parentheses)

See also

S&P/TOPIX 150

References

External links

Nikkei 225 constituents

Nikkei 225 index on Yahoo! Finance

Nikkei 225 index on Google Finance

Nikkei 225 profile at Wikinvest

Category:Nikkei 225 Category:Warrants issued in Hong Kong Stock Exchange Category:Callable Bull/Bear Contracts issued in Hong Kong Stock Exchange

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name	Daisuke Takahashi
country
fullname	Daisuke Takahashi
birth date	March 16, 1986
birth place	Kurashiki, Okayama
hometown	Agamasaki
residence	Osaka
height
coach	Utako Nagamitsu
formercoach	Nikolai Morozov
choreographer	Shae-Lynn Bourne Pasquale Camerlengo Stéphane Lambiel
formerchoreographer	Nikolai Morozov Kenji Miyamoto
skating club	Kansai University SC
Currenttraininglocations	Osaka
Beganskating	1994
Worldranking	1 ('''')
Pbrankings	3 (''2010–2011'') 1 (''2009–2010'')
combined total	264.41
combined date	2008 Four Continents
sp score	90.25
sp date	2010 Olympics
fs score	175.84
fs date	2008 Four Continents
medaltemplates	}}

}}

is a Japanese figure skater, notable as the 2010 Olympic bronze medalist, the 2010 World Champion, the 2007 World silver medalist, a two-time (2008, 2011) Four Continents Champion, and a four-time (2006–2008, 2010) Japanese national champion.

Takahashi represented Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics and at the 2010 Winter Olympics. His bronze medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics was the first Olympic medal for Japan in the men's singles event.

Career

Early career

Born in Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, Takahashi began figure skating when he was 8 years old. When a skating rink was built near his house, he went with his mother to watch the skaters at the rink, and afterwards, enrolled in the figure skating club. His mother intended for him enroll in the ice hockey club, but he didn't like the protective gear of ice hockey, so he enrolled in the figure skating club, instead.

Takahashi had a successful junior career, winning the 2002 World Junior Championships, in his first, and only, appearance at that competition. Takahashi is the first Japanese man to have won the title.

Senior career

Senior debut

For the following 2002-2003 season, Takahashi turned senior and his ascent slowed. He struggled with consistency during those first few years of his senior career. He won a bronze medal at the 2005 Four Continents and went on to the 2005 World Championships as the second-ranked of the two Japanese men on the World team, after Takeshi Honda. However, when Honda was forced to withdraw due to injury, it fell on Takahashi to qualify spots for Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Takahashi placed 15th, qualifying only one spot for the Japanese men.

2005–2006 season

In the 2005–2006 season, Nobunari Oda emerged as a challenger for the Olympic spot. Oda and Takahashi both had very good Grand Prix seasons.

At the 2005–2006 Japanese nationals, Oda was declared the winner, and, thus, seemed to have qualified for the one Olympic slot, but his gold medal was quickly taken back, when an error was found in the way scores were tallied in the computer system at the event, and Takahashi was awarded the gold. The Japanese Skating Federation split the international assignments, and gave Takahashi the Olympic berth, and Oda a place at the World Championship. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Takahashi was in a good position after the short program, but had a poor long program and placed 8th overall.

2006–2007 season

In the 2006–2007 competitive season, Takahashi won a silver medal at 2006 Skate Canada International, then gold at the 2006 NHK Trophy. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the silver medal, although he was ill. He won the Japanese Championships, taking the national title for the second year in a row, and then went on to the Winter Universiade in Turin, Italy which he won as well.

At the 2007 World Championships, Takahashi placed third in the short program. In the free skate, he skated the performance of his life in his home country, placing first in that segment and ending up winning the silver medal, trailing Brian Joubert narrowly. This was the first silver medal for Japan in the men's event at Worlds.

Following that season, Takahashi was ranked as first in the World by the ISU. However, over the summer, the ISU tweaked their scoring criteria. Takahashi had been placed on top, just ahead of Brian Joubert, in part due to Takahashi's victory at the Winter Universiade, a competition for which Brian Joubert was not eligible, as Joubert was not a university student. The ISU determined that the results of the Winter Universiade could not be used to calculate world ranking, and Takahashi's ranking fell from first to second place.

2007–2008 season

In the 2007–2008 season, he won gold at both his Grand Prix events and then silver at the Grand Prix Final behind Stéphane Lambiel. A few weeks later, he won his third Japanese national title and was named to the Four Continents and Worlds teams.

Takahashi won the 2008 Four Continents, scoring a new record in the free skate (175.84) and in the total score (264.41) under the ISU Judging System.

He was considered a favorite heading into the 2008 World Championships but finished off the podium after a disappointing free skate in which he fell on his second quad toe attempt, then stumbled on a triple axel and triple loop, and, finally, performed an extra combination, an invalid element, which did not count towards his points total.

2008–2009 season

Takahashi was originally assigned to the 2008 Cup of China and the 2008 NHK Trophy for the 2008-2009 Grand Prix season. He had to withdraw after suffering a torn anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee on October 31, 2008, only a few days before his first event. It was later reported that Takahashi would undergo surgery to repair ligament damage and his right meniscus and would miss the entire 2008-2009 season. A bolt was inserted into his right knee. He was able to return to the ice in April and began practicing jumps in June.

2009–2010 season

After recovering from the surgery and getting back to training normally, Takahashi was assigned to compete at the 2009 Skate Canada International and 2009 NHK Trophy for the 2009-2010 season. He placed second at Skate Canada and fourth at the NHK Trophy. Those placements qualified him to compete in the Grand Prix Final. At the final, he led after the short program with a new personal best of 89.95, but was fifth in the free skate and fifth overall.

He won his fourth national title at the 2009-2010 Japanese Championships. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Takahashi won the bronze medal with a score of 247.43. It is the first Olympic medal to be won by Japan in men's figure skating. He then won the gold medal at 2010 World Championships, becoming the first Asian to win a world championship in men's singles. In this competition Takahashi attempted a quadruple flip, but two-footed the landing.

2010–2011 season

For the 2010-2011 ISU Grand Prix season, Takahashi will compete in the 2010 NHK Trophy and the 2010 Skate America. At the 2010 NHK Trophy, he placed first with 234.79 points, 16.60 ahead of silver medalist Jeremy Abbott. Takahashi won 2010 Skate America as well, despite flawed short and free skates. During a practice session at the Grand Prix Final, Takahiko Kozuka inadvertently collided with him while Takahashi was doing his run-through; Takahashi said, "it wasn't such a serious injury, just a bit of bruising. [...] It was the first time for me (to be involved in such an accident). I was surprised but there was no malice involved." Takahashi placed third in the short program. In the long program, he attempted a quad flip but landed it two-footed. Multiple problems, including low levels on two spins, resulted in a sixth place finish in that segment, dropping him to fourth overall.

Takahashi won the bronze medal at the 2010–2011 Japan Nationals. At the 2011 World Championships he was third in the short program but finished in fifth overall. In the long program, a screw in his boot came loose on his first element, a quad toe. The Japanese team was able to get it fixed within the three minutes allowed and he resumed his program. He said it may occur at any time regardless of inspections, which his coach does every day, and he does not blame her. On May 19, Takahashi underwent surgery to remove a bolt in his right knee stemming from surgery in late 2008. Following the surgery, he said, "It is thinner around my knee, but I feel better now that there is nothing inside my body. I might be imagining it, but it feels lighter."

2011–2012 season

As part of his preparation for the 2011–2012 season, Takahashi spent two weeks in August 2011 working with ice dancing specialist Muriel Boucher-Zazoui in Lyon, France. His assigned Grand Prix events are 2011 Skate Canada and 2011 NHK Trophy.

Coaching changes

Takahashi is a student at Kansai University, along with Nobunari Oda. For several years, he split his time between Hackensack, New Jersey, where he trained under coach Nikolai Morozov, and Osaka, Japan, where he trains under coach Utako Nagamitsu and jump coach Takeshi Honda. In May 2008, Takahashi announced that he would be parting ways with Morozov.

In May 2008, Nikolai Morozov explained the split by stating that he could no longer coach Takahashi due to problems with Takahashi's new agent.

Public life and endorsements

Following his win the silver medal at 2007 Worlds, Takahashi made many media appearances and performed in many ice shows in Japan. He was also invited to the French team's show ''Stars Sur Glace (Stars On Ice)'' in Paris, France. It was the first guest performance at the foreign show for him. In 2008, he performed at ''Festa On Ice'' in South Korea.

In July 2007, the Japanese Olympic Committee has selected Takahashi as one of the "JOC symbol athletes" (JOC has paid about 20 million yen per year to the symbol athletes for the image rights. JOC partner companies can use images of JOC Symbol Athletes for free). After he became the "JOC symbol athletes", he has received material assistances from JOC partner companies.

After his won at 2010 Worlds, Takahashi appeared as a guest on many TV shows and as advertising spokespersons for "Use pesticides safety campaign" and Japan Post.

Programs

! Season	Short program (figure skating)>Short program	! Free skating	! Exhibition
! 2010–2011	Historia de un Amor played by Perez Prado Que Rico El Mambo by Perez Prado choreography by Shae-Lynn Bourne	Invierno Porteño by Tango Siempre composed by Ástor Piazzolla choreography by Pasquale Camerlengo
! 2009–2010		La Strada by Nino Rota choreography by Pasquale Camerlengo
! 2008–2009	Did not compete this season	Did not compete this season	Did not compete this season
! 2007–2008	Swan Lake Hip Hop version Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky remix choreography by Nikolai Morozov		Bachelorette (song)
! 2006–2007	Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35 by [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky choreography by Nikolai Morozov
! 2005–2006			Nocturne (Secret Garden song)
! 2004–2005	Nyah from ''[[Mission: Impossible II'' by Hans Zimmer choreography by Tatiana Tarasova	Sabre Dance from ''Gayane (ballet)>Gayane'' by Aram Khachaturian	Concierto de Aranjuez by Joaquín Rodrigo	Nocturne (Secret Garden song)
! 2003–2004	Nyah from ''[[Mission: Impossible II'' by Hans Zimmerchoreography by Tatiana Tarasova	Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini Variation on a Theme of Niccolò Paganini by Sergei Rachmaninoffchoreography by Tatiana Tarasova	Desert Rose (Sting song)
! 2002–2003
! 2001-2002	[[West Side Story by Leonard Bernstein

Competitive highlights

align="center" bgcolor="CC9966">3rd

Event

! 2000–01

! 2001–02

! 2002–03

! 2003-04

! 2004–05

! 2005–06

! 2006–07

! 2007–08

! 2009–10

! 2010–11

Figure skating at the Winter Olympics

Winter Olympic Games

|

8th

3rd

World Figure Skating Championships

World Championships

|

11th

15th

2nd

4th

1st

5th

Four Continents Figure Skating Championships

Four Continents Championships

|

13th

6th

3rd

1st

1st

World Junior Figure Skating Championships

World Junior Championships

|

1st

Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships

Japan Junior Championships

|

4th

1st

Japanese Figure Skating Championships

Japanese Championships

|

5th

4th

3rd

6th

1st

1st

1st

1st

3rd

Grand Prix Final

|

3rd

2nd

2nd

5th

4th

NHK Trophy

|

8th

3rd

1st

1st

4th

1st

Skate America

|

1st

1st

1st

Skate Canada International

|

7th

2nd

2nd

Trophée Eric Bompard

|

5th

11th

Finlandia Trophy

|

1st

Figure skating at the Winter Universiade

Winter Universiade

|

1st

1st

2001–2002 ISU Junior Grand Prix

ISU Junior Grand Prix Final

|

4th

2001–2002 ISU Junior Grand Prix

Junior Grand Prix, Japan

|

1st

2001–2002 ISU Junior Grand Prix

Junior Grand Prix, Bulgaria

|

2nd

2000–2001 ISU Junior Grand Prix

Junior Grand Prix, Ukraine

|

8th

2000–2001 ISU Junior Grand Prix

Junior Grand Prix, China

|

9th

WD = Withdrew; Takahashi did not compete in the 2008–2009 season.

References

External links

Category:1986 births Category:Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 2007 Winter Universiade Category:Gold medalists at the 2007 Winter Universiade Category:Japanese male single skaters Category:Living people Category:Olympic figure skaters of Japan Category:People from Okayama Prefecture Category:Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Japan Category:Olympic medalists in figure skating

cs:Daisuke Takahaši de:Daisuke Takahashi es:Daisuke Takahashi fr:Daisuke Takahashi ko:다카하시 다이스케 it:Daisuke Takahashi ja:高橋大輔 (フィギュアスケート選手) no:Daisuke Takahashi pl:Daisuke Takahashi pt:Daisuke Takahashi ru:Такахаси, Дайсукэ simple:Daisuke Takahashi fi:Daisuke Takahashi sv:Daisuke Takahashi tr:Daisuke Takahashi uk:Такахасі Дайсуке zh:高橋大輔